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Quantitative research methods in educational planning
Content
Basic concepts of sample design
for educational survey research
Populations : desired, defined, and excluded
Sampling frames
Representativeness
Probability samples and non-probability samples
Types of non-probability samples
Judgement sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Types of probability samples
Simple random sampling
. Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
The accuracy of estimates obtained from probability samples
Mean square error
The accuracy of individual sample estimates
Comparison of the accuracy of probability samples
Sample design for two-stage cluster samples
The design effect for two-stage cluster samples
. The effective sample size for two-stage cluster samples
Sample design tables for two-stage cluster samples
How to draw a national sample of students:
a hypothetical example for ‘country x’
. How to draw a national sample of schools
and students: a real example for Zimbabwe
. The estimation of sampling errors 64
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